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Freshwater

Vundu catfish

Bagre vundu

Heterobranchus longifilis

Freshwater

At a glance

Typical size

10–50 lb.

Depth

10–60 ft in deep channels and pools.

Best time

Night.

Found in

3 areas

1

Know it

Spot it, size it up and learn its habits.

Identification

A giant African catfish: smooth, heavy gray to bronze-brown body, broad flat head with small eyes, four pairs of long barbels, a long dorsal fin followed by a big fleshy adipose fin (the sharptooth catfish has no adipose fin), and a rounded tail.

Typical size

10–50 lb.

Maximum size

About 5 ft and about 120 lb (55 kg).

Diet

Fish, crabs, snails, insects, fallen fruit and carrion.

Behavior

A shy, mostly nocturnal giant that lives in deep river channels and pools and comes up at night to feed. Famous for long, bulldogging fights.

2

Find it

Where, when and how deep to look.

Where to find it

Found from African Lakes & Rivers, Gulf of Guinea & Central Africa and Morocco & West Africa. Large rivers and lakes: the middle and upper Zambezi (including Lake Kariba), the Congo basin, the Nile, Lake Tanganyika, and West African rivers from the Gambia and Senegal to the Niger, Volta, Cross, Sanaga and Ogowe.

Habitat

Large rivers and lakes: the middle and upper Zambezi (including Lake Kariba), the Congo basin, the Nile, Lake Tanganyika, and West African rivers from the Gambia and Senegal to the Niger, Volta, Cross, Sanaga and Ogowe.

Depth

10–60 ft in deep channels and pools.

Fishing depth

On the bottom in deep holes, below rapids and off steep banks.

Best season

Warm months, about October to April on the Zambezi; the rainy season brings them into feeding mode.

Best time

Night.

Best tides

No tide — rising, slightly colored water is good.

Best weather / conditions

Warm, humid nights; thunderstorms often get them feeding.

3

Bait & gear

What to tie on and what to throw.

Best bait

Big smelly baits: ox liver, soap-and-flour dough baits used by Zambezi anglers, whole fish and fish heads.

Best artificial lures

Rarely caught on lures.

Tackle setup

Heavy 7–9 ft rod and a big reel with lots of line and a strong drag.

Hook size

6/0–10/0 circle or strong J hooks.

Line

50–80 lb braid or 40–60 lb mono.

Leader

60–100 lb mono to handle rocks and the rough mouth.

BigJoe's setup for Vundu catfish

The rod, reel, line and lures BigJoe would use.

Also at Bass Pro Shops: RodReelLineHooksSinkersRod holder

See BigJoe's full gear guide →

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4

Catch it

Step by step, from first cast to landing.

Step-by-step: how to catch it

  1. Go where it lives: Large rivers and lakes: the middle and upper Zambezi (including Lake Kariba), the Congo basin, the Nile, Lake Tanganyika, and West African rivers from the Gambia and Senegal to the Niger, Volta, Cross, Sanaga and Ogowe.
  2. Rig up: Heavy 7–9 ft rod and a big reel with lots of line and a strong drag. 60–100 lb mono to handle rocks and the rough mouth.
  3. Pick your bait: Big smelly baits: ox liver, soap-and-flour dough baits used by Zambezi anglers, whole fish and fish heads. Lures: Rarely caught on lures.
  4. Fish it: Anchor or fish from the bank over a deep hole, cast a big bait to the bottom and wait. When the run comes, let it take line for a second, then set and pull it away from snags.
  5. Time it: Night. No tide — rising, slightly colored water is good.
Fishing techniques

Anchor or fish from the bank over a deep hole, cast a big bait to the bottom and wait. When the run comes, let it take line for a second, then set and pull it away from snags.

BigJoe's tip

Use enough weight to hold bottom in the current and a rod holder with the reel's clicker on — vundu runs come in the middle of the night.

Catch and release

Catch and release: wet your hands, keep the fish in the water when you can, and release it quickly. Use circle hooks and a dehooker.

5

Clean & cook

Is it good to eat, and how to prepare it.

Edibility

Good eating when fresh.

Cleaning

Bleed and ice it right away. Fillet, then remove the skin and any dark bloodline.

Cooking suggestions

Rich, oily meat eaten locally; smaller fish are better eating.

6

Stay safe & legal

Safety, rules and taking care of the fishery.

Safety warnings

Big vundu are heavy and slimy; support the body and keep fingers away from the rough mouth. Night fishing on African rivers means crocodiles and hippos — stay well back from the edge and use a light.

Regulations

Vundu are mostly released by sport anglers on Kariba and the upper Zambezi; many lodges are catch-and-release. Parks such as Mana Pools and the Lower Zambezi have their own permits and rules. Each African country sells its own fishing license, and national parks, game reserves and many lodges charge separate rod or park fees; some lakes and rivers have closed seasons or catch-and-release rules — check before you go.

Conservation

Giant vundu are old fish; release them.

Where it's found

Tap an area to open its fishing map.

Sources & photo credits

Sources

  1. FishBase — Heterobranchus longifilis
  2. IUCN Red List — Heterobranchus longifilis
  3. International Game Fish Association (IGFA)
  4. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture
  5. Photo credits