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Fish

Chum salmon (dog salmon, keta)

Salmón chum (keta)

Oncorhynchus keta

SaltwaterBrackishFreshwater
Chum salmon (dog salmon, keta) (Oncorhynchus keta)

At a glance

Typical size

8–15 lb (25–32 in).

Depth

2–8 ft in rivers; surface to 60 ft in saltwater.

Best time

First light is best.

Found in

3 areas

1

Know it

Spot it, size it up and learn its habits.

Identification

Large, chrome salmon with NO black spots on the back or tail and a white tip on the anal fin. In fresh water it gets purple and green 'tiger' bars on the sides, and the males grow large canine teeth.

Typical size

8–15 lb (25–32 in).

Maximum size

About 43 in and 35 lb.

Diet

Herring, anchovies, sardines, krill and squid in the ocean; they stop eating once they enter fresh water to spawn.

Behavior

Born in rivers, grows up in the ocean, then returns to its home river to spawn and die.

2

Find it

Where, when and how deep to look.

Where to find it

Found from Alaska, British Columbia and Oregon & Washington. Coastal rivers and the lower parts of big rivers from Washington to Alaska; the Yukon and Kuskokwim have some of the longest runs.

Habitat

Coastal rivers and the lower parts of big rivers from Washington to Alaska; the Yukon and Kuskokwim have some of the longest runs.

Depth

2–8 ft in rivers; surface to 60 ft in saltwater.

Fishing depth

20–150 ft trolling offshore, following the bait; shallower in bays and river mouths.

Best season

Ocean fishing in summer; river mouths and rivers from late summer through fall. Seasons are short and set every year.

Best time

First light is best.

Best tides

In river mouths and estuaries, the incoming tide brings fresh fish in.

Best weather / conditions

Calm seas offshore; cool, overcast days inshore.

3

Bait & gear

What to tie on and what to throw.

Best bait

Cured salmon eggs and shrimp where bait is legal.

Best artificial lures

Chartreuse, pink and purple flies, spoons, spinners and jigs under a float.

Tackle setup

8½–10½ ft salmon (mooching) rod with a level-wind or mooching reel; downriggers or divers to get deep.

Hook size

Barbless 2/0–5/0 hooks where required; herring rigs, hoochies and spinners.

Line

20–30 lb mono.

Leader

20–30 lb fluorocarbon, 4–6 ft behind a flasher.

4

Catch it

Step by step, from first cast to landing.

Step-by-step: how to catch it

  1. Go where it lives: Coastal rivers and the lower parts of big rivers from Washington to Alaska; the Yukon and Kuskokwim have some of the longest runs.
  2. Rig up: 8½–10½ ft salmon (mooching) rod with a level-wind or mooching reel; downriggers or divers to get deep. 20–30 lb fluorocarbon, 4–6 ft behind a flasher.
  3. Pick your bait: Cured salmon eggs and shrimp where bait is legal. Lures: Chartreuse, pink and purple flies, spoons, spinners and jigs under a float.
  4. Fish it: Swing flies or drift a jig under a float through slower, deeper runs; chum hit hard and fight harder than any other salmon pound for pound.
  5. Time it: First light is best. In river mouths and estuaries, the incoming tide brings fresh fish in.
Fishing techniques

Swing flies or drift a jig under a float through slower, deeper runs; chum hit hard and fight harder than any other salmon pound for pound.

BigJoe's tip

A bright, silver chum fresh from the salt is a fine fish to eat. A striped, dark one is not, so keep the bright ones and release the rest.

Catch and release

Catch and release: wet your hands, keep the fish in the water when you can, and release it quickly. Use circle hooks and a dehooker.

5

Clean & cook

Is it good to eat, and how to prepare it.

Edibility

Good eating when fresh.

Cleaning

Bleed and ice it right away. Fillet, then remove the skin and any dark bloodline.

Cooking suggestions

Firm, lean, pale orange meat: great smoked or made into jerky, and good grilled when bright. Its eggs (ikura) are prized.

6

Stay safe & legal

Safety, rules and taking care of the fishery.

Safety warnings

River bars can be deadly — check the bar report and Coast Guard restrictions before crossing.

Regulations

Several Western Alaska chum runs have been weak in recent years, and some rivers are closed to chum fishing. Check before you go. Everyone 18 and older needs an Alaska sport fishing license (residents and nonresidents), and king salmon need a separate king salmon stamp. Rules are set by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (adfg.alaska.gov) and change by river and by emergency order during the season — check before you go.

Conservation

Keep only what you'll eat, release the rest quickly, and follow size and bag limits.

Where it's found

Tap an area to open its fishing map.

Sources & photo credits

Sources

  1. FishBase — Oncorhynchus keta
  2. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC)
  3. NOAA Fisheries — federal rules
  4. FDA — seafood safety
  5. Photo credits