At a glance
18–28 in and 2–8 lb.
6–40 ft.
Dusk, night and dawn; all day in murky water or overcast weather.
11 areas
Know it
Spot it, size it up and learn its habits.
- Identification
The European cousin of the walleye: long gray-green body with dark vertical bands, big glassy eyes, two separate dorsal fins (the first one spiny with rows of black spots), and long fang-like teeth in the front of the jaws. No white tip on the tail like a walleye.
- Typical size
18–28 in and 2–8 lb.
- Maximum size
Over 3 ft and about 40 lb.
- Diet
Small fish such as roach, bleak, smelt and young perch.
- Behavior
A school predator that likes dim light: it hunts at dusk, at night and in murky water, and sits on hard bottom, drop-offs and channel edges by day.
Find it
Where, when and how deep to look.
- Where to find it
Found from Northern & Central Europe, Scandinavia & Iceland (Norway, Sweden, Denmark), France, Spain & Portugal (Azores, Madeira & Canaries), Italy & Malta, United Kingdom & Ireland, Greece & the Adriatic, Turkey, Cyprus & the Eastern Mediterranean, Black Sea & Caspian, Russia, Mongolia & Kazakhstan and Morocco & West Africa. Big lakes, reservoirs, slow rivers, canals and brackish Baltic bays; native from the Elbe and Baltic east to the Caspian and Aral, and stocked across western Europe, Spain, Italy, England and North Africa.
- Habitat
Big lakes, reservoirs, slow rivers, canals and brackish Baltic bays; native from the Elbe and Baltic east to the Caspian and Aral, and stocked across western Europe, Spain, Italy, England and North Africa.
- Depth
6–40 ft.
- Fishing depth
On or within a foot or two of the bottom.
- Best season
All year where open; fall and early winter are prime. Many countries close the season during the spring spawn (about March to May).
- Best time
Dusk, night and dawn; all day in murky water or overcast weather.
- Best tides
No tide in fresh water; in tidal rivers and the Dutch delta, moving water is better.
- Best weather / conditions
Overcast, windy days with stained water are best; bright calm days push them deep.
Bait & gear
What to tie on and what to throw.
- Best bait
Dead or live small fish (roach, smelt) fished on the bottom where live bait is allowed.
- Best artificial lures
Soft shads and finesse plastics on jig heads, drop-shot rigs, crankbaits trolled at night, and blade baits.
- Tackle setup
7–8 ft medium, fast-action spinning rod with a 2500–3000 reel.
- Hook size
1/4–3/4 oz jig heads with a 2/0–4/0 hook; size 1–2/0 for bait.
- Line
10–15 lb braid.
- Leader
12–20 lb fluorocarbon (use thin wire if pike are around).
BigJoe's setup for Zander (pikeperch)
The rod, reel, line and lures BigJoe would use.
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Catch it
Step by step, from first cast to landing.
Step-by-step: how to catch it
- Go where it lives: Big lakes, reservoirs, slow rivers, canals and brackish Baltic bays; native from the Elbe and Baltic east to the Caspian and Aral, and stocked across western Europe, Spain, Italy, England and North Africa.
- Rig up: 7–8 ft medium, fast-action spinning rod with a 2500–3000 reel. 12–20 lb fluorocarbon (use thin wire if pike are around).
- Pick your bait: Dead or live small fish (roach, smelt) fished on the bottom where live bait is allowed. Lures: Soft shads and finesse plastics on jig heads, drop-shot rigs, crankbaits trolled at night, and blade baits.
- Fish it: Hop a soft shad along the bottom on drop-offs, river bends and harbor walls, and set the hook on any tap or slack. At night, cast shallow crankbaits over sandbanks or troll them along the edges.
- Time it: Dusk, night and dawn; all day in murky water or overcast weather. No tide in fresh water; in tidal rivers and the Dutch delta, moving water is better.
- Fishing techniques
Hop a soft shad along the bottom on drop-offs, river bends and harbor walls, and set the hook on any tap or slack. At night, cast shallow crankbaits over sandbanks or troll them along the edges.
- BigJoe's tip
Zander bites are often just a light 'tick'. Fish a slow, bottom-hugging retrieve and watch your line, not just your rod tip.
- Catch and release
Catch and release: wet your hands, keep the fish in the water when you can, and release it quickly. Use circle hooks and a dehooker.
Clean & cook
Is it good to eat, and how to prepare it.
- Edibility
Excellent eating — one of the best-tasting fish in its range.
- Cleaning
Bleed and ice it right away. Fillet, then remove the skin and any dark bloodline.
- Cooking suggestions
One of Europe's best freshwater fish: firm, white and mild. Pan-fried fillets ('fogas' in Hungary, 'sandre' in France) or baked with butter.
Stay safe & legal
Safety, rules and taking care of the fishery.
- Safety warnings
Sharp fangs and spiny dorsal fin; unhook with pliers and hold the fish behind the head.
- Regulations
Most countries have a closed season in spring and a minimum size (often 40–50 cm, about 16–20 in) and a daily limit. Check the national and local rules. Freshwater fishing in Europe always needs a permit: a national or regional license where one exists (for example the rod licence in England and Wales or the French carte de pêche) plus a permit or day ticket from the club, lake or river owner.
- Conservation
Release the big breeding females and keep a few eating-size fish.
Where it's found
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