Fish
Milkfish (bangus)
Sabalote (pez leche, bangus)
Chanos chanos
At a glance
2–4 ft and 5–20 lb in the wild.
Surface to 100 ft.
Daylight hours, especially early morning and late afternoon.
16 areas
Know it
Spot it, size it up and learn its habits.
- Identification
A long, streamlined, bright silver fish with a small toothless mouth, a big deeply forked tail and a single dorsal fin in the middle of the back. Looks a little like a giant bonefish or a tarpon without the big scales.
- Typical size
2–4 ft and 5–20 lb in the wild.
- Maximum size
About 6 ft and 30 lb (14 kg).
- Diet
Algae, plankton, soft bottom mats and small invertebrates — a grazer, which is why it's hard to catch on hook and line.
- Behavior
Swims in schools along coasts, lagoons and reef flats, often cruising and sipping at the surface. Spawns at sea; the young move into mangroves, lagoons and even freshwater lakes. One of the most farmed fish in Asia (bangus in the Philippines). Pulls incredibly hard and jumps when hooked.
Find it
Where, when and how deep to look.
- Where to find it
Found from Philippines, Indonesia (Bali, Komodo, Raja Ampat, Sulawesi), China, Hong Kong & Taiwan, Southeast Asia (Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam), Hawaii, Guam & Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, South Pacific Islands & Papua New Guinea, Queensland & the Great Barrier Reef, Northern Territory & Western Australia, Japan & South Korea, East Africa & Indian Ocean Islands, Red Sea & Arabian Gulf (Egypt, Oman, UAE), India, Sri Lanka, Maldives & Pakistan, Galápagos Islands and Pacific Central America. Shallow coastal waters, lagoons, reef flats, estuaries and brackish fish ponds; wild fish around islands like the Seychelles, Christmas Island and Hawaii.
- Habitat
Shallow coastal waters, lagoons, reef flats, estuaries and brackish fish ponds; wild fish around islands like the Seychelles, Christmas Island and Hawaii.
- Depth
Surface to 100 ft.
- Fishing depth
Surface to 10 ft.
- Best season
All year in the tropics.
- Best time
Daylight hours, especially early morning and late afternoon.
- Best tides
Incoming tide on flats and lagoon edges.
- Best weather / conditions
Calm, sunny days for spotting cruising fish.
Bait & gear
What to tie on and what to throw.
- Best bait
Bread, dough balls and algae (moss) on a small hook, especially in harbors and ponds.
- Best artificial lures
Small algae flies (green fiber or "weed" flies) presented right in front of feeding fish; most lures are ignored.
- Tackle setup
9–10 weight fly rod or a 7 ft medium spinning rod with a smooth drag and lots of line.
- Hook size
Small, strong #4–1/0 hooks.
- Line
15–20 lb braid with at least 200 yards of backing.
- Leader
15–25 lb fluorocarbon.
BigJoe's setup for Milkfish (bangus)
The rod, reel, line and lures BigJoe would use.
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Catch it
Step by step, from first cast to landing.
Step-by-step: how to catch it
- Go where it lives: Shallow coastal waters, lagoons, reef flats, estuaries and brackish fish ponds; wild fish around islands like the Seychelles, Christmas Island and Hawaii.
- Rig up: 9–10 weight fly rod or a 7 ft medium spinning rod with a smooth drag and lots of line. 15–25 lb fluorocarbon.
- Pick your bait: Bread, dough balls and algae (moss) on a small hook, especially in harbors and ponds. Lures: Small algae flies (green fiber or "weed" flies) presented right in front of feeding fish; most lures are ignored.
- Fish it: Find milkfish sipping at the surface, cast an algae fly or bread bait into the school, and let it drift with no movement. Set gently and be ready for a 100-yard first run.
- Time it: Daylight hours, especially early morning and late afternoon. Incoming tide on flats and lagoon edges.
- Fishing techniques
Find milkfish sipping at the surface, cast an algae fly or bread bait into the school, and let it drift with no movement. Set gently and be ready for a 100-yard first run.
- BigJoe's tip
Chumming with bread or algae in a harbor gets milkfish feeding and is the easiest way to hook one.
- Catch and release
Catch and release: wet your hands, keep the fish in the water when you can, and release it quickly. Use circle hooks and a dehooker.
Clean & cook
Is it good to eat, and how to prepare it.
- Edibility
Good eating when fresh.
- Cleaning
Bleed and ice it right away. Fillet, then remove the skin and any dark bloodline.
- Cooking suggestions
Very bony but tasty — the Philippines' national fish. Deboned ("boneless bangus") it is fried, grilled or made into sinigang soup.
Stay safe & legal
Safety, rules and taking care of the fishery.
- Safety warnings
No teeth or spines; just watch your fingers on the reel during the first run.
- Regulations
Few rules for anglers; fry and fingerlings are collected under rules in many countries for fish farms. Check local rules. Licenses and rules differ by country across the Indo-Pacific: Australia's states, Asian countries and the Pacific islands all set their own bag limits, size limits and marine park zones. Check the local rules or fish with a licensed charter.
- Conservation
Keep only what you'll eat and release the big breeders; wet your hands, support the fish's belly and get it back in the water fast.
Where it's found
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